Evaluate your understanding of basic logical and critical thinking concepts

Logic and mathematics overview

Here you are given 10 very simple questions on basic concepts of logic and critical thinking skills.

You must answer the questions in the given space in simple precise short form, preferably in one sentence or maximum of two sentences if really needed.

You may take your own time. But typically it should take less than 10-15 minutes.

Face the test in Sinhala.


Answer:A statement which must be either always true or always false (not both or none).
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Answer:An (often well crafted) statement which, for all the possible scenarios, logically evaluated to be true.
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Answer:Set of statements are said to consistent if there is at least a single possibility (scenario) that all the statements can be true (happen) at the same time.
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Answer:An argument is a set of assumptions (premises) followed by an given conclusion.
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Answer:An argument is said to be (logically) valid if the conclusion is true for all the scenarios where all the assumptions (premises) are true.
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Answer:An argument is sound if and only if it is valid and all its premises are (verified to be) true.
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Answer: (1) Universal quantifier (∀)
(2) Existential quantifier (∃)
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Answer:Identifying the root causes of faults or problems.
A factor is considered a root cause if removal thereof from the problem-fault-sequence prevents the final undesirable event from recurring; whereas a causal factor is one that affects an event's outcome, but is not a root cause.
Though removing a causal factor can benefit an outcome, it does not prevent its recurrence with certainty.
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Answer:(1)Deductive Reasoning
(2)Inductive Reasoning
Deductive reasoning moves from the general to the particular. It takes a general premise and deduces particular conclusions. A "valid" deductive argument is one in which the conclusion necessarily follows from the premise.
Inductive reasoning moves from the particular to the general. It gathers together particular observations in the form of premises, then it reasons from these particular premises to a general conclusion.
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Answer:Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally (based on concrete facts or reasons) about what to do or what to believe.
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